• Author:Rouault, P.
  1. Im BMBF-Forschungsprojekt KURAS wurde eine Methode vorgeschlagen, mit der Maßnahmen der Regenwasserbewirtschaftung für konkrete Stadtquartiere ausgewählt und platziert werden können. Hinsichtlich der möglichen Ziele geht die Methode über die wasserwirtschaftliche Wirkung hinaus und betrachtet zusätzlich Effekte auf Umwelt (Grundwasser und Oberflächengewässer, Biodiversität) und Bewohner (Stadtklima, Freiraumqualität, Gebäudeebene) sowie den Aufwand an Kosten und Ressourcen.
  2. For ensuring microbial safety, the current European bathing water directive (BWD) (76/160/EEC 2006) demands the implementation of reliable early warning systems for bathing waters, which are known to be subject to short-term pollution. However, the BWD does not provide clearly defined threshold levels above which an early warning system should start warning or informing the population. Statistical regression modelling is a commonly used method for predicting concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria. The present study proposes a methodology for implementing early warning systems based on multivariate regression modelling, which takes into account the probabilistic character of European bathing water legislation for both alert levels and model validation criteria. Our study derives the methodology, demonstrates its implementation based on information and data collected at a river bathing site in Berlin, Germany, and evaluates health impacts as well as methodological aspects in comparison to the current way of long-term classification as outlined in the BWD.
  3. Im Forschungsprojekt KUBAS (Konzepte für urbane Regenwasserbewirtschaftung und Abwassersysteme) wurde eine Methode vorgeschlagen, mit der Maßnahmen der Regenwasserbewirtschaftung für konkrete Stadtquartiere ausgewählt und platziert werden können. Ende 2016 wurde die "KURAS-Methode" als Ausgangspunkt für die zukünftige dezentrale Regenwasserbewirtschaftung in der Koalitionsvereinbarung der neuen Regierung des Landes Berlin zur Umsetzung in die Praxis und zur Weiterentwicklung festgeschrieben. Dadurch werden aktuell in verschiedenen Neubau- und Sanierungsvorhaben in Berlin Elemente der Methode eingesetzt; insbesondere der Ansatz, dass die Maßnahmenauswahl erst nach einer Festlegung nicht-monetärer Ziele erfolgt, wird dabei berücksichtigt. Die Anwendung in der Praxis erfordert aber auch eine Vereinfachung (z. B. Reduktion der Ziele) und Weiterentwicklung der Methode. Diese Anpassung wird durch das Forschungsprojekt netWORKS 4 unterstützt, welches wichtige sozio-kulturelle Ziele berücksichtigt und konkrete Planungsworkshops in Berlin begleitet.
  4. Deterioration models can be successfully deployed only if decision-makers trust the modelling outcomes and are aware of model uncertainties. Our study aims to address this issue by developing a set of clearly understandable metrics to assess the performance of sewer deterioration models from an end-user perspective. The developed metrics are used to benchmark the performance of a statistical model, namely, GompitZ based on survival analysis and Markov-chains, and a machine learning model, namely, Random Forest, an ensemble learning method based on decision trees. The models have been trained with the extensive CCTV dataset of the sewer network of Berlin, Germany (115,258 inspections). At network level, both models give satisfactory outcomes with deviations between predicted and inspected condition distributions below 5%. At pipe level, the statistical model does not perform better than a simple random model, which attributes randomly a condition class to each inspected pipe, whereas the machine learning model provides satisfying performance. 66.7% of the pipes inspected in bad condition have been predicted correctly. The machine learning approach shows a strong potential for supporting operators in the identification of pipes in critical condition for inspection programs whereas the statistical approach is more adapted to support strategic rehabilitation planning.
  5. Closed Circuit Television Inspection is used since decades as industry standard for sewer system inspection and structural performance evaluation. In current practice, inspection data are helpful to support asset management decisions. However, the quality and uncertainty of sewer condition assessment is rarely questioned. This article presents a methodology to determine the probability to underestimate, overestimate or accurately estimate the real condition of a pipe using visual inspection. The approach is based on the analysis of double inspections of the same sewer pipes and has been tested using the extensive data-set of the city of Braunschweig in Germany. Results indicate that the probability to inspect correctly a pipe in poor condition is close to 80%. The probability to overestimate the condition of a pipe in bad condition (false negative) is 20% whereas the probability to underestimate the condition of a pipe in good condition (false positive) is 15%. Finally, sewer condition evaluation can be used to assess the general condition of the network with an excellent accuracy probably because the respective effects of false positive and false negative are buffered. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
  6. (2018): Relevance of Different CSO Outlets for Bathing Water Quality in a River System. p 4 In: 11th International Conference on Urban Drainage Modelling (UDM). Palermo, Italy. 23–26 Sep 2018
    Combined sewer systems are one of the major sources of microbiological contamination in urban water bodies. However, identification of hotspots for pathogen emissions is not straightforward, especially in large and complex drainage systems. To determine the relevance of different CSO outlets for bathing water quality a simple tracer approach which uses wastewater volume as a proxy for pathogen emissions has been developed and tested for the city of Berlin, Germany. The approach reveals that the average wastewater ratio in CSO varies largely between different river outlets (0 to 15%). Hence, the outlets with the largest CSO volumes are not automatically the greatest wastewater emitters and assumed hotspots for pathogen contamination do not coincide with hydraulic hotspots. This is verified with own measurements that show enormous differences in pathogen concentrations between waste and stormwater of 4 orders of magnitude. As a result, wastewater which represents only 5% of the CSO volume contributes > 99% of the pathogen loadings to the river. The study highlights the relevance of wastewater volumes for the identification of point sources for the hygienic impairment of water bodies.
  7. As in most of the cities around the world, in the last 30 years Latin-American ones have focused on investing in building infrastructure to provide sewer and water services to the communities. However, these infrastructures are going aging day to day. The municipalities need to extend management activities by the development of support tools such as deterioration models to face the aging problem. In the literature of sewer asset management, SVM has been a useful tool to predict and forecast the structural condition of pipes. In this work, the use of differential evolution method as optimization tool was implemented to find the optimal hyper-parameters for SVM models. The SVM models were applied in the main cities of Colombia (Bogota and Medellin) given as a result that the optimized SVM model provides less than 5% of deviation in the prediction of structural conditions in both cities.
  8. Im Rahmen einer etwa zweijährigen Studie wurde für Berlin erstmals das Ausmaß der Belastung von Regenabfluss mit Spurenstoffen durch ein einjähriges Monitoringprogramm in Einzugsgebieten unterschiedlicher Stadtstrukturtypen (Altbau, Neubau, Gewerbe, Einfamilienhäuser, Straßen) untersucht. Insgesamt wurden über 90 volumenproportionale Mischproben auf etwa 100 Spurenstoffe analysiert (z.B. Phthalate, Pestizide/Biozide, Flammschutzmittel, PAK, Schwer-metalle), von denen ein Großteil (>70) detektiert wurde. Die höchsten Konzen-trationen an organischen Spurenstoffen wurden für Phthalate gefunden (DIDP+DINP: Ø 12 µg/L), während Schwermetalle von Zink dominiert wurden (Ø 950 µg/L). Für die Mehrzahl der Stoffe gab es dabei signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Stadtstrukturen. In einem Fließgewässer genommene Proben zeigen, dass für einige Substanzen (z.B. DEHP, Carbendazim, einige PAK) Umweltqualitätsnormen im Gewässer bei Regen überschritten werden können. Eine Hochrechnung der über das Regenwasser in die Gewässer gelangenden Spurenstofffrachten für Gesamt-Berlin hat ergeben, dass Frachten regenwasserbürtiger Spurenstoffe in der gleichen Größenordnung wie schmutzwasserbürtige Spurenstoffe liegen können.